Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism is thought to be an early form of hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. However, some studies have shown progression to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria or kidney stones, bone loss and fractures in a proportion of patients over time, whereas other studies have not observed such outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and natural history of the disease in a large patient population and to provide clinicians wi...

Parathyroid cancer is an uncommon malignant condition that usually presents with symptoms of hypercalcaemia. The standard treatment involves surgery, which has a broad spectrum of post-operative recurrence rates. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and the 10-year recurrence rate of parathyroid cancer in the UK. This study was a systematic review carried out in strict compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. ...

Hyperparathyroidism has been associated with an increased risk of stroke in several previous studies; but the findings have not been consistent, which prompts further investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the association between high serum parathyroid hormone levels and stroke through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were systematically searched up to May 2025 for relevant and original observational studies. Pooled odds ratios and hazard rat...

Ambulatory hypercalcemia is a proxy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Reports of an increased incidence of hypercalcemia and undiagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism in several electronic medical record studies have prompted a population-based trend analysis of serum calcium. Data from the 2000–2020 U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were used to study the trend of serum calcium and related factors. The NHANES has contemporary insight into the ambulatory state of health in the...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder marked by excessive parathyroid hormone secretion. Beyond its classical biochemical features, accumulating evidence suggests that primary hyperparathyroidism may adversely affect cardiovascular homeostasis. In this context, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with primary hyperparathyroidism exhibit impaired vascular function and heightened systemic inflammation compared with matched healthy controls. This cross-sectional study init...